The iTunes Store, as seen in iTunes 12.2, running in Opened April 28, 2003; 15 years ago ( 2003-04-28), Unprotected (.m4a) @ 256 (music), protected (.m4p) @ 35 64 and 128 kbit/s (audiobooks), unprotected Video (.m4v) (music videos), protected Video (.m4v) (other video) (Protected) Music: streaming to five computers every 24 hours, unlimited CDs (seven with an unchanged playlist), unlimited. Catalogue 37,000,000+ songs worldwide, 1,000,000+ (US), 40,000+ music videos (US), 3,000+ TV shows (US), 20,000+ (US), 45,000+ movies (US), 1,000,000+ apps Preview 30–90 seconds (music, TV, videos, audiobooks, movies) available for free Yes (for purchased movies and TV shows). Streaming for music via Apple Music. ITunes Music Store Protocol (itms://) Availability See Website The iTunes Store is a software-based online store operated by that opened on April 28, 2003, as a result of Steve Jobs' push to open a digital marketplace for music. As of January 2017, iTunes offered over 35 - 40 million songs, 2.2 million apps, 25,000 TV shows, and 65,000 films.

When it opened, it was the only legal digital catalog of music to offer songs from all five major record labels. As of June 2013, iTunes Store possessed 575 million active user accounts, and served over 315 million mobile devices, including,. Main articles: and There is a policy of censoring in titles on iTunes.

This has resulted in a, by which inoffensive titles are censored due to a coincidental string of letters. If the song has an explicit label, it will be marked 'explicit' next to the song title. If a song is marked 'explicit' it is unavailable for purchase if 'restrict explicit content' is checked under the parental controls preference. Often there will be a 'clean' mark next to the title of some songs, meaning the lyrics have been censored, and is available to purchase on all accounts. Generally if a song is marked 'clean' there is an explicit version available as well. Reception and commercial success. ITunes Store availability.

Green: full functionality (music, apps, videos, etc.) Red: available, but with limitations (only apps, iTunes U, etc.). According to an Apple press release, the European iTunes Music Stores sold a combined total of 800,000 songs in one week, with 450,000 of those songs sold in the UK. The Italian, Portuguese, Dutch, Greek stores have been localized. On December 3, 2004 the British referred iTunes Music Store to the because it prevents consumers in one EU country from buying music from stores in other EU countries, in violation of EU free-trade legislation; the immediate cause of the referral was because the €0.99 price charged in the equates to UK£0.68 in sterling, rather than the UK£0.79 actually charged there.

iTunes Music Store in Japan had 1 million songs available at start. In the next four days the store had sold one million songs – the pace faster than that of the US store. In addition to a long delay, Apple failed to have one set price for singles. Pundits speculated that this may have indicated the introduction of new price structure to the rest of the stores in future, in favor of record labels who would like to see higher prices for new songs. This extension to other countries was announced in January 2009. The release of video-capable also saw the store launch in Australia with music videos and short films.

ITunes Gift Cards (as they are now known) are now also available in many more stores such as, and the chain of stores. Access was inadvertently given to some people in New Zealand, too. Failed negotiations with the label meant that none of that label's artists were available at the time of launch; they were later added on January 17, 2006. New Zealand users had briefly been able to buy from the Australian store when it first opened until that loophole was closed. On November 1, 2006, the store started offering a range of Latino content including television shows and music for its, Mexican and Puerto Rican clients.

The Spanish used on the Mexican store has been modified to. As of the 2009, Apple had given no new information of the (possible; future) inclusion and expansion of music videos, TV-shows and movies in other European countries. The stores of the UK, Germany and France currently remain the only European Stores with local and/or localized selections of TV-shows, movies and music videos. Main article: iTunes Store uses Apple's (DRM) technology. FairPlay is built into the multimedia file format as an audio layer, and is used by the company to protect copyrighted works sold through the store, allowing only authorized devices to play the content. The restrictions imposed by FairPlay, mainly limited device compatibility, have sparked criticism, with a lawsuit alleging violation that was eventually closed in Apple's favor, and various successful efforts to remove the DRM protection from files, with Apple continually updating its software to counteract such projects. In February 2007, an open letter by, Apple's then-, discussed the use of DRM on music, raising points about the future of the protection and announcing the company's support for ending the use of DRM.

Although the open letter initially caused mixed industry reactions, Apple signed a deal with a major the following month to offer iTunes customers a purchase option for a higher-quality, DRM-free version of the label's tracks. In January 2009, Apple signed deals with all major record labels as well as a large number of independent labels to offer all iTunes music in the DRM-free option. This does not apply to songs downloaded while using, Apple's subscription-based music streaming service. Promotions On, February 1, 2004, Apple launched a promotion with in which they gave away 100 million songs, through tokens on selected soft drink bottle caps. Unfortunately for Apple, Pepsi failed to properly distribute the bottles to major metropolitan areas until only weeks before the promotion ended, despite a one-month extension of the deadline by Apple. The promotion was repeated beginning January 31, 2005, with 200 million songs available, and an given away every hour. On July 1, 2004, Apple announced that, starting with the sale of the 95 millionth song, an would be given away to the buyer of each 100 thousandth song, for a total of 50 iPods.

The buyer of the 100 millionth song would receive a, iPod, and US$10,000 gift certificate to iTunes Music Store. Ten days later, on July 11, Apple announced that 100 million songs had been sold through iTunes Music Store. The 100 millionth song was titled 'Somersault ( Remix)' by, purchased by Kevin Britten of. He then received a phone call from Apple CEO, who offered his congratulations, as well as a 40 GB 3rd Generation laser-engraved with a message of thanks. Inspired by Pepsi's marketing success with iTunes giveaways, partnered with to give away a free iTunes song with every 32 US fl oz (950 ml).

Frozen beverage until July 31, 2005. Songs could be redeemed until August 31, 2005 by entering a code printed on the Slurpee cup into iTunes Music Store application. Coca-Cola did this in spite of having its own music store, Music.com, that competed with iTunes Music Store in Europe. MyCokeMusic.com ceased business on July 31, 2006. On July 5, 2005, Apple announced that they were counting down to half a billion songs. The buyer of every 100 thousandth song up to 500 million would receive an and a 50-song gift card. The grand prize for the person who downloads the 500 millionth song was 10 iPods of their choice, a 10,000-song gift card, 10 50-song gift cards or 4 tickets to the world tour.

Twelve days later, on July 17, Apple announced that 500 million songs had been sold through iTunes Music Store. The 500 millionth song, purchased by Amy Greer of, Indiana, was 'Mississippi Girl'. On July 28, 2005, Apple and announced a promotion to award iTunes music downloads to Gap customers who tried on a pair of Gap jeans. From August 8 to 31, 2005, each customer who tried on any pair of Gap jeans could receive a free download for a song of their choice from iTunes Music Store. On February 7, 2006, Apple announced that they were counting down to the billionth song download and began a promotion similar to the previous 100 million and 500 million countdown.

Whoever downloaded the billionth song would receive a 20' iMac, ten 60 GB iPods, and a US$10,000 iTunes Music Card. The billionth song was purchased on February 23, 2006 by Alex Ostrovsky of,. The purchased song was ' as part of 's album. On July 25, 2006, Facebook and iTunes began offering a promotion where members of the Apple Students group would receive a free 25 song sampler each week until September 30 in various music genres. The idea behind the promotion was to get students more familiar and enthusiastic with each service as Autumn classes approached. However, in order to prevent abuse of the promotion, the weekly code that Facebook provided stopped working after it was redeemed one million times.

In addition, the promotion caused discontent among international students, as the code was only valid in the US iTunes Music Store. On April 10, 2009, Apple announced that it will be counting down to the billionth app. Apps being the applications for iPod Touch and iPhone. Launching a counter that is constantly running on, Apple starting counting down. Connor Mulcahey, age 13 of, downloaded the billionth app, ' by Bump Technologies, and received a 17' Macbook Pro, a 32GB iPod Touch, a Time Capsule, and a $10,000 Gift Card for iTunes Store. On February 11, 2010, Apple announced that it would be counting down to 10 billion songs downloaded. A $10,000 gift card was offered as a prize.

On February 24, 2010, the 10 billionth song, ' by, was purchased by Louie Sulcer of Woodstock, Georgia. Other platforms Currently, iTunes is supported on the ( and above) and operating systems. ITunes was known to run passably well in on -based computers using the compatibility layer; however, by December 2011, this was no longer the case.

Users without iTunes installed can see a content database (but not hear or view the content itself) using the iTunes Preview service, which runs inside their internet browser. This service also allows users to watch trailers for upcoming film releases. Should they choose to purchase any media, they will be redirected to iTunes. Technical details Store pages are delivered using standard HTML with a special header. This change was made when iTunes 9.0 was released. ITunes uses to render these pages on the screen.

These pages are also accessible on the Web, at itunes.apple.com, allowing pages from iTunes Store to show up in search engine search results. Prior to iTunes 9.0, iTunes Store was delivered using a custom format that describes the position of all of the elements, boxes, album art and all of their properties – including whether a reference link can be dragged out of iTunes and into another document. The store's back-end software uses – Apple's own application server it acquired from. Content is uploaded to iTunes data store using an internal Apple program called iTunes Producer, which automatically encodes and adds metadata to uploaded files. Legal disputes. Main article: For three years, ' record company were in a legal dispute, with Apple Computer over the name 'Apple.'

On May 8, 2006, a ruling was declared in favor of Apple Computer, but Apple Records said it would appeal the ruling. Despite this, plans were announced by Neil Aspinall in April 2006 to remaster completely and release the entire Beatles catalog on an unspecified online music service, as well as release some previously unheard work by the band. No date was set at that time. It has also been reported that the Beatles' music catalog might initially be appearing on iTunes only, as Apple is reported to be negotiating with Britain's EMI group over an online distribution deal that might be exclusive for a limited time.

During his January 9, 2007 Macworld Keynote address, Apple CEO Steve Jobs used the band's song ' to introduce the music-playing capabilities of the company's new iPhone. This was regarded by industry observers as further evidence that the Beatles catalog would be introduced to iTunes Music Store catalog in the near future. On February 5, 2007, Apple Corps and Apple Inc.

Announced they had reached a settlement in their legal dispute. In a related development, Apple announced on August 14, 2007 that the entire solo catalog of would be available on iTunes. The solo catalogs of the other three Beatles, and, are also available on iTunes.

On November 16, 2010, the entire Beatles catalog was officially made available on iTunes Store. The Consumer Council of Norway EULA challenge On June 6, 2006, The Consumer in Norway, and launched a common open letter to Apple regarding the of iTunes through the. The iTunes case is based upon an official complaint filed by on January 25, 2006. The main allegations were that:.

The EULA is unbalanced to disfavor the customer. Scandinavian law requires any written agreement to favor both parties. The weak party also enjoys protection from exploitation according to Norwegian consumer laws.

iTunes Store's use of limits the number of devices purchased songs can be played on. iTunes' contract entitles the company to at any time change the terms of the contract without notice, including the selection of players or software that must be used for iTunes files, and also the number of times a customer can change or copy already purchased files. The EULA is both vague and hard to understand for the customers. The EULA states that the legal relationship between the company and customers is regulated by English contract law. It is unreasonable to expect Norwegian consumers to have comprehensive knowledge of.

Products marketed to Norwegian consumers in Norway are subject to —a right that cannot be waived by a clause in a company's standard customer contract. The EULA removes iTunes' responsibility regarding damage to the consumer's computer caused by software errors even though responsibility cannot be waived in Scandinavian Law.

Apple responded July 31, 2006. On January 22, 2007, German and French consumer groups joined forces with Norway and Finland. Their goal is to create a united European front against iTunes (Germany and France have each had their own negotiation process with iTunes).

According to the press statement Apple is in favor of this. The key points in the negotiations were:. Interoperability: the consumer should have the right and ability to play his or her music on any device of his or her own choice. Change of conditions: iTunes must revoke their right to change the terms and conditions (EULA) at any time without the consent of the consumer.

Liability: iTunes should change its clause limiting its liability to recover consumer damages if they are caused by content sold by iTunes. Applicable Law: Consumers entering into a contract with iTunes should be able to rely on the consumer protection rules according to the law of the country in which they live. EU anti-trust case In 2004, magazine complained to the about the higher prices in the UK for the same songs sold in other parts of the European Union: typically €0.99 in the rest of the EU and £0.79 in the UK. In 2008, the Commission withdrew its investigation after Apple agreed to end the price disparity.

Content disputes Universal Music Group. This article needs to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (August 2010) On July 1, 2007, the reported that (currently the world's largest music corporation) would not renew its annual contract to sell music through iTunes. Instead, Universal said that it would market music to Apple at will, allowing it to remove its songs from the iTunes service on short notice if the two sides did not agree on pricing or other terms. On August 9, 2007, UMG announced a plan to sell some songs in MP3 format, without, through a variety of online services such as and the newly created.

While these tracks continue to be available through iTunes Store, Universal chose to license these songs in DRM-free formats only through other services. NBC Universal TV series On August 31, 2007, Apple announced that programs on 's 2007–08 television schedule would not be available on iTunes. NBC had informed Apple the previous day that it would not be renewing its contract. It was later clarified that this change only applied to series produced by -owned, including Universal-produced shows on other networks such as.

NBC programs produced by other studios, such as and , would remain available on iTunes. Apple has publicly asserted that NBC would only renew their contract if Apple agreed to a price increase of US$4.99 per episode, which they did not.

NBC disputes that claim, claiming that Apple balked at NBC's request to package shows together and make wholesale pricing more flexible. NBC claims that they never asked to double the wholesale price and insisted that their shows would be sold by iTunes Store through early December. Other networks who sell their shows via iTunes did not follow suit.

On December 1, 2007, NBC shows were pulled from iTunes Store. On September 9, 2008, Apple and NBC Universal announced that NBC's TV shows were once again available on the US iTunes Store. The UK iTunes Store has many shows from available, although they are distributed. The pricing for these seasons are higher than they were on the US store, an example being, Season 3 of is priced at UK£43.47 (roughly US$72) vs. $52.99 (US Store ). See also. References.

September 12, 2012. Retrieved September 27, 2012. Apple Keynote.

Langer, Andy (September 10, 2014). Retrieved July 10, 2017.

June 15, 2013. Archived from on June 21, 2013. Retrieved June 17, 2013. September 12, 2012. Archived from on September 14, 2012. ^ (March 5, 2012). Retrieved May 10, 2012.

Locke, Laura (December 7, 2011). Retrieved July 10, 2017. Hill, Brad (April 29, 2013). Retrieved July 10, 2017. Knopper, Steve (April 26, 2013). Wenner Media.

Retrieved July 10, 2017. England, Lucy (May 8, 2015). Retrieved July 10, 2017. Chen, Brian X. (April 28, 2010). Retrieved July 10, 2017.

McElhearn, Kirk (January 9, 2016). Retrieved July 10, 2017.

Dormehl, Luke (April 28, 2016). Retrieved July 10, 2017. Apple Newsroom.

April 28, 2003. Retrieved July 10, 2017. Apple Newsroom. October 16, 2003. Retrieved July 11, 2017.

April 3, 2008. Archived from on November 23, 2008. February 2010. Archived from on May 21, 2011. Retrieved June 17, 2013.

Daniel Eran Dilger (April 21, 2011). Apple Insider. Retrieved April 18, 2013. Retrieved December 30, 2016. Retrieved 2018-07-24. Retrieved 2018-07-24., Retrieved October 22, 2017. Retrieved April 28, 2009.

Retrieved June 12, 2009. Free iTunes Music. Retrieved September 19, 2013.

Retrieved December 31, 2012. Business Insider.

Retrieved January 13, 2015. Retrieved 2017-07-07. Retrieved 2017-07-07. Retrieved 2017-07-07.

Retrieved September 25, 2007. Archived from on December 2, 2009. Retrieved April 28, 2009. March 7, 2012. Retrieved June 12, 2012. September 18, 2013. Kazmucha, Allyson.

Mobile Nations. Retrieved July 8, 2013. Retrieved February 17, 2006. ^ Kelly, Meghan (November 1, 2012).

Retrieved November 1, 2012. January 15, 2010. Retrieved November 1, 2012. Olivarez-Giles, Nathan (March 13, 2011). Los Angeles Times.

Retrieved November 1, 2012. Retrieved 2017-09-13. Allan Ripp (June 17, 2015). Observer Media. Retrieved April 1, 2016. Rosoff, Matt (September 9, 2009). Retrieved September 19, 2013.

David Chartier (November 1, 2006). Retrieved March 30, 2016.

Retrieved 27 June 2018. Hybrid Studios. Retrieved 27 June 2018. January 7, 2010. Retrieved January 5, 2010. April 7, 2009.

Retrieved January 25, 2010., Michael Cragg, October 27, 2008. Retrieved October 27, 2008. October 24, 2008. Retrieved June 17, 2013. Retrieved 2017-01-02.

^ Kai, Jakobs (2014-07-31). Retrieved March 28, 2016.

Apple – Press Info. December 15, 2003. Retrieved March 28, 2016. March 15, 2004. Archived from on February 18, 2006. Retrieved February 17, 2006.

Markoff, John (April 29, 2004). Archived from on July 22, 2009. Retrieved February 17, 2006. August 10, 2004.

Archived from on February 9, 2006. Retrieved February 17, 2006. Farrell, Nick (October 6, 2011). Retrieved October 18, 2011. The CEO of Miramax Mike Lang has warned that iTunes is more of a threat to Big Content than piracy. He said the chokepoints in the distribution chain were when there isn't enough diversity in distribution, so there are intermediaries that end up totally controlling an industry. He added that another problem is the emergence of digital monopolies such as the one Apple has in the digital music business.

The music business is suffering because it allowed too few players to flog content, presumably fearful of their content being stolen. Encouraging Apple's iTunes at the expense of others is effectively strangling the industry, he said.

^ Levy, Steven (2006). The Perfect Thing: How the iPod Shuffles. New York, NY:.

September 1, 2004. Archived from on February 12, 2006. Retrieved February 17, 2006. October 14, 2004. Archived from on February 13, 2006. Retrieved February 17, 2006.

December 16, 2004. Archived from on February 6, 2006. Retrieved February 17, 2006. January 24, 2005. Archived from on February 12, 2006. Retrieved February 17, 2006. Archived from on February 15, 2006.

Retrieved February 17, 2006. May 10, 2005. Archived from on February 7, 2006. Retrieved February 17, 2006.

July 5, 2005. Archived from on February 17, 2006. Retrieved February 17, 2006. July 18, 2005. Archived from on February 2, 2006. Retrieved February 17, 2006.

Archived from on February 19, 2006. Retrieved February 17, 2006. February 23, 2006. Archived from on July 24, 2008.

Retrieved February 23, 2006. January 9, 2007. Archived from on January 12, 2007. Retrieved January 11, 2007. April 9, 2007. Archived from on April 16, 2007. Retrieved April 9, 2007.

July 31, 2007. Archived from on August 25, 2007. Retrieved July 31, 2007.

June 19, 2008. Retrieved September 19, 2013. January 6, 2009. Retrieved January 6, 2009. February 25, 2010. Retrieved September 19, 2013. February 25, 2010.

Archived from on March 1, 2010. Retrieved September 19, 2013. Digital Music News. June 6, 2011.

Retrieved April 14, 2012. September 12, 2012. Retrieved February 6, 2013. February 6, 2013. Retrieved February 6, 2013. October 31, 2005.

Archived from on February 19, 2006. Retrieved February 17, 2006. December 6, 2005. Archived from on February 17, 2006. Retrieved February 17, 2006. Archived from on April 16, 2007. Retrieved April 12, 2007.

Archived from on October 17, 2008. Retrieved October 16, 2008. July 14, 2008. Archived from on June 25, 2009.

Retrieved June 20, 2009. September 9, 2008. Archived from on December 15, 2008. Retrieved December 7, 2008. October 22, 2008. Retrieved December 7, 2008. December 5, 2008.

Retrieved December 7, 2008. January 16, 2009. Retrieved January 16, 2009. March 17, 2009. Retrieved March 25, 2009.

Archived from on April 27, 2009. Retrieved September 19, 2013. July 14, 2009.

Archived from on August 22, 2009. Retrieved August 28, 2009. Archived from on January 25, 2011. (June 11, 2012). Retrieved February 6, 2013. 9to5Mac (October 23, 2012).

Retrieved February 6, 2013. (January 7, 2013). Retrieved February 6, 2013. Perez, Sarah (June 2, 2014). Retrieved June 10, 2015. Ingraham, Nathan (June 9, 2015).

Retrieved June 10, 2015. October 10, 2012. Retrieved October 16, 2012. Retrieved October 27, 2013.

Retrieved September 19, 2013. Retrieved September 19, 2013. January 15, 2016. Retrieved July 7, 2017. ^ Slivka, Eric (December 16, 2011). Retrieved September 19, 2013. Retrieved January 3, 2011.

April 2, 2008. Retrieved January 27, 2013. auf HDTVTotal.com. ^ Heath, Alex (April 30, 2012).

Retrieved September 19, 2013. September 27, 2011. ^ Slivka, Eric (January 16, 2012). Retrieved September 19, 2013. August 4, 2005.

Archived from on February 10, 2006. Retrieved February 17, 2006. March 6, 2013.

Retrieved March 6, 2013. June 25, 2008.

Archived from on November 3, 2008. Retrieved June 26, 2008. The Australian. February 11, 2014. Retrieved February 11, 2014. December 6, 2006.

Archived from on December 7, 2006. Retrieved December 6, 2006. October 22, 2012. Retrieved December 2, 2012. Retrieved September 19, 2013. September 29, 2011. Retrieved October 11, 2011.

^ Slivka, Eric (July 19, 2012). Retrieved September 19, 2013. Retrieved 2017-02-20. Retrieved June 27, 2012.

^ Slivka, Eric (June 21, 2012). Retrieved September 19, 2013. ^ Slivka, Eric (December 12, 2012). Retrieved September 19, 2013.

May 3, 2015, at the. April 6, 2008. Retrieved October 22, 2012. Retrieved 2015-09-30. June 23, 2004. Archived from on August 28, 2006.

Retrieved February 17, 2006. July 8, 2005. Archived from on February 9, 2006. Retrieved February 17, 2006. Infinite Loop. Ars Technica. October 26, 2005.

Retrieved February 17, 2006. November 1, 2006. Archived from on January 14, 2007. Retrieved November 1, 2006.

(in Spanish). El Universal. June 30, 2009. Retrieved September 19, 2013. Venkataramu, Ramya. Department of Computer Science.

Archived from (PDF) on July 20, 2010. Retrieved July 7, 2017.

Dilger, Daniel Eran (February 26, 2007). Roughly Drafted. Retrieved July 7, 2017. Slivka, Eric (March 22, 2011). Retrieved July 7, 2017. Yuhas, Alan (December 16, 2014).

Retrieved July 8, 2017. June 19, 2014. Retrieved July 8, 2017. Hamilton, Dave (September 2, 2015). The Mac Observer.

Retrieved July 8, 2017. Tanous, Jim (September 2, 2015). Retrieved July 8, 2017. February 6, 2007.

Archived from on February 7, 2007. Retrieved June 23, 2017. Kim, Arnold (February 6, 2007).

Retrieved June 23, 2017. Hesseldahl, Arik (February 7, 2007).

Retrieved July 8, 2017. Markoff, John (February 7, 2007). Retrieved July 8, 2017. (April 2, 2007). Retrieved June 23, 2017. Johnson, Bobbie (January 6, 2009).

Retrieved July 8, 2017. McLean, Prince (January 6, 2009). Retrieved July 8, 2017. Cohen, Peter (January 6, 2009). Retrieved July 8, 2017.

Caldwell, Serenity; Keller, Joseph (July 18, 2016). Retrieved July 8, 2017. Charles Arthur (June 22, 2006). Retrieved February 19, 2007.

July 28, 2005. Archived from on July 30, 2005. Retrieved February 17, 2007. Cheng, Jacqui (July 25, 2006). Retrieved February 11, 2010. Archived from on September 10, 2004. Retrieved May 1, 2006.

Retrieved September 12, 2009. World Entertainment News Network. November 11, 2006. Archived from on November 12, 2006.

Retrieved December 17, 2006. Arungo, Tim (November 27, 2006). Retrieved December 17, 2006. Retrieved December 12, 2012. (Press release).

February 5, 2007. Archived from on February 7, 2007. Retrieved February 5, 2007. (Press release). August 14, 2007. Archived from on August 21, 2007.

Retrieved August 15, 2007., Homepage Forbrukerombudet Norway. January 25, 2006. Archived from on February 8, 2007. Retrieved September 19, 2013., Simonsen Advokatfirma DA. Retrieved on January 28, 2007.

Homepage Forbrukerombudet Norway. ^. January 9, 2008. Retrieved December 12, 2012.

Mac Apps Charts In Ecuador Vs Panama

The New York Times. July 2, 2007.

Retrieved December 30, 2016. Aughton, Simon (August 13, 2007). Archived from on October 11, 2007.

Retrieved August 13, 2007. August 31, 2007. Archived from on May 21, 2011.

Barnes, Brooks (August 31, 2007). Retrieved September 3, 2007., October 1, 2007. Fritz, Ben (August 31, 2007).

Retrieved September 3, 2007. August 31, 2007.

Michelle Quinn (September 9, 2008). Retrieved March 30, 2016.